| General |
| Command Syntax |
command [option] [source file(s)] [target file] |
| Whatis |
whatis <command> |
| whatis grep |
| Manual |
man |
man ls
man -k ls
man -k ls | grep list |
| |
| Directory Structure |
| / |
Root |
| /bin |
Commands that can be accessed by all users |
| /boot |
Static boot loader files |
| /dev |
Device files |
| /etc |
Host-specific configuration files |
| /home |
User home directories |
| /lib |
Shared libraries and kernel modules |
| /mnt |
Mount point for temporary file systems |
| /opt |
Add on application software |
| /root |
Home directory for root user |
| /sbin |
System binaries |
| /tmp |
Temporary files |
| /usr |
Shareable, read-only |
| /var |
Variable data files |
|
| |
| User |
Change User |
su <user_name> |
su root
su oracle
exit
exit |
| Become root |
su - |
su -
exit |
Current user account |
whoami |
whoami
su -
whoami
exit
whoami |
| |
| Navigation |
Change Directory ...
down one level |
cd <directory_name> |
| cd etc |
Change Directory ...
up one level |
cd |
| cd .. |
| Change To Root Directory |
cd |
| cd / |
| |
| File Handling |
| Make Directory |
mkdir <directory_name> |
| mkdir morgan |
| Remove Directory |
rmdir <directory_name> |
| rmdir morgan |
Remove Directory & Subdirectories |
rm -i <directory_name> |
cd $HOME
ls -al
mkdir morgan
ls -al
cd morgan
mkdir subdir
ls -al
cd ..
rm -ir morgan |
| Create File |
touch <file_name> |
| touch psoug.ora |
| Remove A File |
rm <file_name> |
| rm psoug.ora |
| Copy |
cp <old_name> <new_name> |
| cp psoug.ora / |
| Copy with
Confirmation |
cp -i <old_name> <new_name> |
| cp psoug.ora / |
| Recursive Copy |
cp -ir <old_name> <new_name> |
| cp -ir psoug.ora / |
| Secure CoPy |
scp <user_name>@<server_name>:<source_path_and_file_name>
<target_path_and_file_name> |
| scp
oracle@bigdog:/home/oracle/*.gz . |
| Delete |
rm <file_spec> |
touch delfile
ls -l
rm delfile |
| List |
ls <switches> <file_spec> |
ls
ls *ora
ls -l *ora
ls -larn
ls -larn *ora
ls -lt |
| Move |
mv <starting_file> <resulting_file> |
touch myfile
ls -l
mv myfile /home/myfile
ls -l |
| Rename |
mv <starting_file> <resulting_file> |
touch file1.aaa
ls -l
mv file1.aaa file1.bbb
ls -l |
| Wildcards: Multiple
Characters |
* |
mv
cp
del |
| Wildcard: Single
Character |
? |
mv
cp
del |
| Change Owner |
chown <owner_name> <directory_or_file_name> |
touch chngdemo
ls -l
chown oracle chngdemo
ls -l |
| Change Group |
chgrp <group_name> <directory_or_file_name> |
touch chngdemo
ls -l
chgrp dba chngdemo
ls -l |
| Change Mode Triplets |
ROOT - GROUP - USER |
drwxrwxrwx |
| Change Mode |
chmod <code> <file_name> |
touch chngdemo
ls -l
chmod 755 chngdemo
ls -l |
| CHMOD and UMASK Codes and Results |
| Code |
UMASK |
Result |
| 111 |
666 |
---x--x--x |
| 222 |
555 |
--w--w--w- |
| 333 |
444 |
--wx-wx-wx |
| 444 |
333 |
-r--r--r-- |
| 555 |
222 |
-r-xr-xr-x |
| 666 |
111 |
-rw-rw-rw- |
| 777 |
000 |
-rwxrwxrwx |
| 124 |
653 |
---x-w-r-- |
| 644 |
133 |
---wr--r-- |
| 755 |
022 |
-rwxr-xr-x |
|
| |
| Demo |
Navigation Exercise |
-- navigate to root directory
cd /
-- verify location
pwd
ls -l
-- navigate to home directory
cd home
-- make a some directories
mkdir morgan
cd morgan
pwd
mkdir dest
mkdir src
ls -l
cd src
pwd
touch psoug
ls -l
mv psoug psoug.src
mv psoug |
| |
| Environment Manipulation |
| rename host server |
Rename a Linux server's name |
su
cd /etc/sysconfig
-- change the host name entry |
| uname |
List hardware/operating system environment |
| uname -a |
| env |
List environment variables for
the current session |
| Same as set. See export demo |
| export |
Sets environment variables |
set
export ORACLE_SID=orabase
set |
| set |
List environment variables for
the current session |
| Same as env. See export demo |
| command history |
$HISTSIZE |
$HISTSIZE
!10
!-4
$HISTSIZE=100
$HISTSIZE |
| command history |
$HOME |
echo $HOME
cd $HOME
cd /
cd ~ |
| |
| File Backup &
Restore |
| Tape Archive (tar) |
tar <switches> <file_spec>
<tarball_name> |
| tar -cvf * beta1RAC.tar |
| Compressed TAR |
tar <switches> <file_spec>
<tarball_name> |
| tar -cxvf * beta1RAC.tar.gz |
| UNTAR |
tar <switches> <file_spec>
<tarball_name> |
| tar -xvf beta1RAC.tar |
| UNTAR Compressed |
tar <switches> <file_spec>
<tarball_name> |
| tar -zxvf beta1RAC.tar.gz |
| UNJAR A Java File |
jar <switches> <file_spec> <jar_name> |
| jar -xf patch.jar |
| CPIO |
cpio -ivf <file_name> |
| cpio -idv < as_linux_x86_101300_disk1.cpio |
| |
| Cron Commands |
| crontab cronfile |
Submits jobs to be scheduled |
| ? |
| crontab -e |
Makes changes to an existing chron schedule |
| ? |
| crontab cronfile |
Submits jobs to be scheduled |
| ? |
| |
| Applications |
Concatenate (CAT)
An obscure word meaning "to connect in a series" |
cat <file_name> |
| cat ? |
| Disk Free Space |
df <switches> |
df -k
df -m
df -h (Linux only) |
| View environment
variable's value |
echo <environment
variable> |
| echo $ORACLE_SID |
| Find Files |
find . -name "<file_name>" -print |
| find . -name "grep" -print |
| Find archive logs older than 3 days and delete them |
find |
| find . -name *.arc -type f -ctime +3 -exec rm {} \; |
| Delete files over 14
days old |
find $WORKDIR -name
"<filemask>" -mtime+<days> -exec rm {}\; |
| find $WORKDIR -name
"*.dat.*" -mtime + 14 -exec rm {} \; |
| Find and delete
trace files more than 7 days old |
find . -name "<file_name>" -print |
| find $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID -name
"*.trc" -mtime +7 -exec rm -f {} \; |
| Global regular expression print (GREP). Prints all lines
matching a certain pattern |
grep [-options] pattern [filename] |
| grep |
| Disk i/o Memory Statistics |
iostat |
| iostat |
| More |
more |
cd /etc
more protocols |
| Processor related statistics |
mpstat |
| mpstat |
| Processes |
ps <switches> grep <filter> |
ps -ef
ps -ef | grep ora |
| System Activity Statistics (Paging) |
sar |
| sar -B |
Tee
Splits the output of another command, sending it to a file and to the terminal. |
tee <file_name> |
cd $HOME
ls -larn
ls -larn | tee zzyzx
ls -larn
more zzyzx |
| Top CPU processes |
top |
top
q |
| Virtual Memory Statistics |
vmstat |
| vmstat |
| View the full path of shell commands |
which <shell command name> |
which grep
which id
which which |
| |
| System Management |
| Wireless
Configuration |
iwconfig <switches> |
| iwconfig wifi0 power
off |
| Shared Library Dependencies |
ldd <program_name> |
| ldd ? |
| Display Loaded Kernel Modules |
lsmod |
| lsmod |
| Display Open Files |
lsof |
| lsof |
| Display Formatted Process Tree |
pstree <switches> |
| pstree -ca |
| |
| User Management |
| Change Password and Expiration Information |
chage |
| chage ? |
| Force Password Change At Next Logon |
chage |
| chage -d0 |
| Create Group |
groupadd <group_name> |
| groupadd |
| Display All Resource Limits for the Current User |
ulimit <switches> |
| ulimit -a |
| Display data about one or more users |
finger <switches> users |
| finger -l oracle |
| |
| vi |
|
create a new file or open a file for editing
|
vi |
| vi initSID.ora |
| quit without saving |
:q! |
| :q! |
| save and quit |
:wq |
| :wq |
| insert |
Esc i |
| i |
| append |
Esc A |
| A |
| open a new line |
Esc o |
| o |
| replace a single character |
Esc r |
| r |
| replace a multiple characters |
Esc R |
| R |
| delete a single character |
Esc x |
| x |
| delete line |
Esc dd |
| dd |
| delete word |
Esc dw |
| dw |
| undo |
Esc u |
| u |
| |
| SQL*Plus Shell
Script Demo |
bash demo |
--
log onto Linux as the user oracle
-- verify the UNIX user
[oracle@gamma2 home]$ whoami
oracle
-- log into Oracle as scott/tiger
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 20 17:18:37 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining
options
-- create a test table
SCOTT@orcl > create table test (
2 testcol VARCHAR2(30));
Table created.
-- exit SQL*Plus
SCOTT@orcl >exit;
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition
Release 10.2.0.1.0 Production With the Partitioning Option, Real
Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining options
-- verify location is Oracle's home directory
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
-- create a file named "morgan"
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ touch morgan
-- look at the file's permissions
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ ls -al morgan
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 0 Nov 20 15:56 morgan
-- make it executable
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ chmod 755 morgan
-- verify it is executable
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ ls -al morgan
-rwxr-xr-x
1 oracle oinstall 0 Nov 20 15:56 morgan
-- open the file using vi
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ vi morgan
-- insert the following w/o quotes: "touch
cline"
-- verify the file's contents
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ more morgan
touch cline
-- execute it
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ ./morgan
-- verify the cline file was created
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ ls -al cline
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 0 Nov 20 16:04 cline
-- delete the "cline" file
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ rm cline
-- open morgan with vi, remove the TOUCH command
-- and put in what you see after "more morgan" below
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ vi morgan
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ more morgan
sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl <<EOF
INSERT INTO test (testcol) VALUES ('Cline');
COMMIT;
EXIT
EOF
-- execute it ... everything else is what scrolls on
screen
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ ./morgan
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 20 17:20:16 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining
options
SCOTT@orcl >
1 row created.
SCOTT@orcl >
Commit complete.
SCOTT@orcl > exit;
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release
10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining
options
[oracle@gamma2 ~]$ |
| |
| Rescue |
| In the event of failure boot from the Linux CD or DVD |
boot: linux rescue
# chroot /mnt/sysimage
# cd /boot/grub
use vi to edit/configure files |
| |
| Example Configuration Files |
| Export Display |
export DISPLAY=localhost:0:0
echo $DISPLAY |
.bash_profile |
alias ob='cd $ORACLE_BASE'
alias oh='cd $ORACLE_HOME'
alias cm='cd $ORACLE_HOME/oracm/log'
alias sql='sqlplus "/ as sysdba"' |
hosts.equiv |
| # Comment/Uncomment those entries for your cluster below. |
|
| alpha1 |
oracle |
| alpha2 |
oracle |
| #beta1 |
oracle |
| #beta2 |
oracle |
| #gamma1 |
oracle |
| #gamma2 |
oracle |
| delta1 |
oracle |
| delta2 |
oracle |
|
| alpha-node1 |
oracle |
| alpha-node2 |
oracle |
| #beta-node1 |
oracle |
| #beta-node2 |
oracle |
| #gamma-node1 |
oracle |
| #gamma-node2 |
oracle |
| #delta-node1 |
oracle |
| #delta-node2 |
oracle |
|
| # DO NOT Comment out this entry! |
| topdog |
oracle |
|
