Term: GRANT

Definition:
In Oracle PL/SQL, the term GRANT refers to a specific privilege or permission given to a user (or a role) so that they may perform a particular action. The opposite of granting a privilege is revoking the privilege. Simply put, grants allow users the ability to do specific things.

For example, the CREATE TABLE privilege is required before a user is allowed create new database tables. Similarly, a user must be granted the DROP privilege before he or she is allowed to drop a table.

Example Usage:

Granting the CREATE TABLE privilege to a specific user:

GRANT CREATE TABLE TO John;

Granting an object privilege:

GRANT SELECT ON sales TO public;

Oracle provides a very fine-grained approach to permissions, allowing nearly any system function to be allowed or denied individually by user and/or role. Listed below are the most commonly used privileges, or grants, that may be applied or revoked. Below this section is a table listing all Oracle grants.

System Privileges

Create session
Create table
Create view
Create procedure
Sysdba
Sysoper

Object Privileges Privileges can be assigned to any of the following types of database objects:

Tables: all, alter, debug, delete, flashback, insert, on commit refresh, query rewrite, references, select, update
Views: debug, delete, insert, flashback, references, select, under, update
Sequence: alter, select
Packages, Procedures, Functions: debug, execute
Materialized Views: delete, flashback, insert, select, update
Directories: read, write
Libraries: execute
User Defined Types: debug, execute, under
Operators: execute
Indextypes: execute

Full List Of Oracle Grants

System Privilege Name	Operations Authorized
Advisor Framework Privileges: All of the advisor framework privileges are part of the DBA role.
`ADVISOR`	Access the advisor framework through PL/SQL packages such as `DBMS_ADVISOR` and `DBMS_SQLTUNE`.
`ADMINISTER SQL TUNING SET`	Create, drop, select (read), load (write), and delete a SQL tuning set owned by the grantee through the `DBMS_SQLTUNE` package
`ADMINISTER ANY SQL TUNING SET`	Create, drop, select (read), load (write), and delete a SQL tuning set owned by any user through the `DBMS_SQLTUNE` package
`CREATE ANY SQL PROFILE`	Accept a SQL Profile recommended by the SQL Tuning Advisor, which is accessed through Enterprise Manager or by the `DBMS_SQLTUNE` package.
`DROP ANY SQL PROFILE`	Drop an existing SQL Profile
`ALTER ANY SQL PROFILE`	Alter the attributes of an existing SQL Profile
CLUSTERS:
`CREATE CLUSTER`	Create clusters in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY CLUSTER`	Create a cluster in any schema. Behaves similarly to `CREATE` `ANY` `TABLE`.
`ALTER ANY CLUSTER`	Alter clusters in any schema
`DROP ANY CLUSTER`	Drop clusters in any schema
CONTEXTS:
`CREATE ANY CONTEXT`	Create any context namespace
`DROP ANY CONTEXT`	Drop any context namespace
DATABASE:
`ALTER DATABASE`	Alter the database
`ALTER SYSTEM`	Issue `ALTER` `SYSTEM` statements
`AUDIT SYSTEM`	Issue `AUDIT` statements
DATABASE LINKS:
`CREATE DATABASE LINK`	Create private database links in the grantee's schema
`CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK`	Create public database links
`DROP PUBLIC DATABASE LINK`	Drop public database links
DEBUGGING:
`DEBUG` `CONNECT` `SESSION`	Connect the current session to a debugger.
`DEBUG` `ANY` `PROCEDURE`	Debug all PL/SQL and Java code in any database object. Display information on all SQL statements executed by the application. Note: Granting this privilege is equivalent to granting the `DEBUG` object privilege on all applicable objects in the database.
DIMENSIONS:
`CREATE DIMENSION`	Create dimensions in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY DIMENSION`	Create dimensions in any schema
`ALTER ANY DIMENSION`	Alter dimensions in any schema
`DROP ANY DIMENSION`	Drop dimensions in any schema
DIRECTORIES
`CREATE ANY DIRECTORY`	Create directory database objects
`DROP ANY DIRECTORY`	Drop directory database objects
INDEXTYPES:
`CREATE INDEXTYPE`	Create an indextype in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY INDEXTYPE`	Create an indextype in any schema
`ALTER ANY INDEXTYPE`	Modify indextypes in any schema
`DROP ANY INDEXTYPE`	Drop an indextype in any schema
`EXECUTE ANY INDEXTYPE`	Reference an indextype in any schema
INDEXES:
`CREATE ANY INDEX`	Create in any schema a domain index or an index on any table in any schema
`ALTER ANY INDEX`	Alter indexes in any schema
`DROP ANY INDEX`	Drop indexes in any schema
JOB SCHEDULER OBJECTS:	The following privileges are needed to execute procedures in the `DBMS_SCHEDULER` package.
`CREATE JOB`	Create jobs, schedules, or programs in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY JOB`	Create, alter, or drop jobs, schedules, or programs in any schema Note: This extremely powerful privilege allows the grantee to execute code as any other user. It should be granted with caution.
`EXECUTE ANY PROGRAM`	Use any program in a job in the grantee's schema
`EXECUTE ANY CLASS`	Specify any job class in a job in the grantee's schema
`MANAGE SCHEDULER`	Create, alter, or drop any job class, window, or window group
LIBRARIES:
`CREATE LIBRARY`	Create external procedure or function libraries in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY LIBRARY`	Create external procedure or function libraries in any schema
`DROP ANY LIBRARY`	Drop external procedure or function libraries in any schema
MATERIALIZED VIEWS:
`CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW`	Create a materialized view in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW`	Create materialized views in any schema
`ALTER ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW`	Alter materialized views in any schema
`DROP ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW`	Drop materialized views in any schema
`QUERY REWRITE`	This privilege has been deprecated. No specify privileges are needed for a user to enable rewrite for a materialized view that references tables or views in the user's own schema.
`GLOBAL QUERY REWRITE`	Enable rewrite using a materialized view when that materialized view references tables or views in any schema
`ON COMMIT REFRESH`	Create a refresh-on-commit materialized view on any table in the database Alter a refresh-on-demand materialized on any table in the database to refresh-on-commit
`FLASHBACK ANY TABLE`	Issue a SQL Flashback Query on any table, view, or materialized view in any schema. This privilege is not needed to execute the `DBMS_FLASHBACK` procedures.
OPERATORS:
`CREATE OPERATOR`	Create an operator and its bindings in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY OPERATOR`	Create an operator and its bindings in any schema
`ALTER ANY OPERATOR`	Modify an operator in any schema
`DROP ANY OPERATOR`	Drop an operator in any schema
`EXECUTE ANY OPERATOR`	Reference an operator in any schema
OUTLINES:
`CREATE ANY OUTLINE`	Create public outlines that can be used in any schema that uses outlines
`ALTER ANY OUTLINE`	Modify outlines
`DROP ANY OUTLINE`	Drop outlines
PROCEDURES:
`CREATE PROCEDURE`	Create stored procedures, functions, and packages in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY PROCEDURE`	Create stored procedures, functions, and packages in any schema
`ALTER ANY PROCEDURE`	Alter stored procedures, functions, or packages in any schema
`DROP ANY PROCEDURE`	Drop stored procedures, functions, or packages in any schema
`EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE`	Execute procedures or functions, either standalone or packaged Reference public package variables in any schema
PROFILES:
`CREATE PROFILE`	Create profiles
`ALTER PROFILE`	Alter profiles
`DROP PROFILE`	Drop profiles
ROLES:
`CREATE ROLE`	Create roles
`ALTER ANY ROLE`	Alter any role in the database
`DROP ANY ROLE`	Drop roles
`GRANT ANY ROLE`	Grant any role in the database
ROLLBACK SEGMENTS:
`CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT`	Create rollback segments
`ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT`	Alter rollback segments
`DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT`	Drop rollback segments
SEQUENCES:
`CREATE SEQUENCE`	Create sequences in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY SEQUENCE`	Create sequences in any schema
`ALTER ANY SEQUENCE`	Alter any sequence in the database
`DROP ANY SEQUENCE`	Drop sequences in any schema
`SELECT ANY SEQUENCE`	Reference sequences in any schema
SESSIONS:
`CREATE SESSION`	Connect to the database
`ALTER RESOURCE COST`	Set costs for session resources
`ALTER SESSION`	Issue `ALTER` `SESSION` statements
`RESTRICTED SESSION`	Logon after the instance is started using the SQL*Plus `STARTUP` `RESTRICT` statement
SNAPSHOTS: See MATERIALIZED VIEWS
SYNONYMS:
`CREATE SYNONYM`	Create synonyms in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY SYNONYM`	Create private synonyms in any schema
`CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM`	Create public synonyms
`DROP ANY SYNONYM`	Drop private synonyms in any schema
`DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM`	Drop public synonyms
TABLES: Note: For external tables, the only valid privileges are `CREATE` `ANY` `TABLE`, `ALTER` `ANY` `TABLE`, `DROP` `ANY` `TABLE`, and `SELECT` `ANY` `TABLE`.
`CREATE TABLE`	Create tables in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY TABLE`	Create tables in any schema. The owner of the schema containing the table must have space quota on the tablespace to contain the table.
`ALTER ANY TABLE`	Alter any table or view in any schema
`BACKUP ANY TABLE`	Use the Export utility to incrementally export objects from the schema of other users
`DELETE ANY TABLE`	Delete rows from tables, table partitions, or views in any schema
`DROP ANY TABLE`	Drop or truncate tables or table partitions in any schema
`INSERT ANY TABLE`	Insert rows into tables and views in any schema
`LOCK ANY TABLE`	Lock tables and views in any schema
`SELECT ANY TABLE`	Query tables, views, or materialized views in any schema
`FLASHBACK ANY TABLE`	Issue a SQL Flashback Query on any table, view, or materialized view in any schema. This privilege is not needed to execute the `DBMS_FLASHBACK` procedures.
`UPDATE ANY TABLE`	Update rows in tables and views in any schema
TABLESPACES:
`CREATE TABLESPACE`	Create tablespaces
`ALTER TABLESPACE`	Alter tablespaces
`DROP TABLESPACE`	Drop tablespaces
`MANAGE TABLESPACE`	Take tablespaces offline and online and begin and end tablespace backups
`UNLIMITED TABLESPACE`	Use an unlimited amount of any tablespace. This privilege overrides any specific quotas assigned. If you revoke this privilege from a user, then the user's schema objects remain but further tablespace allocation is denied unless authorized by specific tablespace quotas. You cannot grant this system privilege to roles.
TRIGGERS:
`CREATE TRIGGER`	Create a database trigger in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY TRIGGER`	Create database triggers in any schema
`ALTER ANY TRIGGER`	Enable, disable, or compile database triggers in any schema
`DROP ANY TRIGGER`	Drop database triggers in any schema
`ADMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER`	Create a trigger on `DATABASE`. You must also have the `CREATE` `TRIGGER` or `CREATE` `ANY` `TRIGGER` system privilege.
TYPES:
`CREATE TYPE`	Create object types and object type bodies in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY TYPE`	Create object types and object type bodies in any schema
`ALTER ANY TYPE`	Alter object types in any schema
`DROP ANY TYPE`	Drop object types and object type bodies in any schema
`EXECUTE ANY TYPE`	Use and reference object types and collection types in any schema, and invoke methods of an object type in any schema if you make the grant to a specific user. If you grant `EXECUTE` `ANY` `TYPE` to a role, then users holding the enabled role will not be able to invoke methods of an object type in any schema.
`UNDER ANY TYPE`	Create subtypes under any nonfinal object types.
USERS:
`CREATE USER`	Create users. This privilege also allows the creator to: Assign quotas on any tablespace Set default and temporary tablespaces Assign a profile as part of a `CREATE` `USER` statement
`ALTER USER`	Alter any user. This privilege authorizes the grantee to: Change another user's password or authentication method Assign quotas on any tablespace Set default and temporary tablespaces Assign a profile and default roles
`DROP USER`	Drop users
VIEWS:
`CREATE VIEW`	Create views in the grantee's schema
`CREATE ANY VIEW`	Create views in any schema
`DROP ANY VIEW`	Drop views in any schema
`UNDER ANY VIEW`	Create subviews under any object views
`FLASHBACK ANY TABLE`	Issue a SQL Flashback Query on any table, view, or materialized view in any schema. This privilege is not needed to execute the `DBMS_FLASHBACK` procedures.
MISCELLANEOUS:
`ANALYZE ANY`	Analyze any table, cluster, or index in any schema
`AUDIT ANY`	Audit any object in any schema using `AUDIT` `schema_objects` statements
`COMMENT ANY TABLE`	Comment on any table, view, or column in any schema
`EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY`	Bypass fine-grained access control Caution: This is a very powerful system privilege, as it lets the grantee bypass application-driven security policies. Database administrators should use caution when granting this privilege.
`FORCE ANY TRANSACTION`	Force the commit or rollback of any in-doubt distributed transaction in the local database Induce the failure of a distributed transaction
`FORCE TRANSACTION`	Force the commit or rollback of the grantee's in-doubt distributed transactions in the local database
`GRANT` `ANY` `OBJECT` `PRIVILEGE`	Grant any object privilege Revoke any object privilege that was granted by the object owner or by some other user with the `GRANT` `ANY` `OBJECT` `PRIVILEGE` privilege
`GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE`	Grant any system privilege
`RESUMABLE`	Enable resumable space allocation
`SELECT ANY DICTIONARY`	Query any data dictionary object in the `SYS` schema. This privilege lets you selectively override the default `FALSE` setting of the `O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY` initialization parameter.
`SYSDBA`	Perform `STARTUP` and `SHUTDOWN` operations `ALTER` `DATABASE`: open, mount, back up, or change character set `CREATE` `DATABASE` `ARCHIVELOG` and `RECOVERY` `CREATE` `SPFILE` Includes the `RESTRICTED` `SESSION` privilege
`SYSOPER`	Perform `STARTUP` and `SHUTDOWN` operations `ALTER` `DATABASE`: open, mount, or back up `ARCHIVELOG` and `RECOVERY` `CREATE` `SPFILE` Includes the `RESTRICTED` `SESSION` privilege
`CONNECT, RESOURCE, and DBA`	These roles are provided for compatibility with previous versions of Oracle Database. You can determine the privileges encompassed by these roles by querying the `DBA_SYS_PRIVS` data dictionary view. Note: Oracle recommends that you design your own roles for database security rather than relying on these roles. These roles may not be created automatically by future versions of Oracle Database.
`DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE`	These roles are provided for accessing data dictionary views and packages.
`EXP_FULL_DATABASE` `IMP_FULL_DATABASE`	These roles are provided for convenience in using the import and export utilities.
`AQ_USER_ROLE` `AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE`	You need these roles to use Oracle Advanced Queuing.
`SNMPAGENT`	This role is used by the Enterprise Manager Intelligent Agent.
`RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER`	You need this role to create a user who owns a recovery catalog.

Oracle Database Predefined Roles

Predefined Role	Purpose
`HS_ADMIN_ROLE`	A DBA using Oracle Database heterogeneous services needs this role to access appropriate tables in the data dictionary.
`SCHEDULER_ADMIN`	This role allows the grantee to execute the procedures of the `DBMS_SCHEDULER` package. It includes all of the job scheduler system privileges and is included in the DBA role.